Open AccessDendritic cell immunotherapy: clinical outcomes
Author(s) -
Apostolopoulos Vasso,
Pietersz Geoffrey A,
Tsibanis Anastasios,
Tsikkinis Annivas,
Stojanovska Lily,
McKenzie Ian FC,
Vassilaros Stamatis
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
clinical and translational immunology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.321
H-Index - 34
ISSN - 2050-0068
DOI - 10.1038/cti.2014.14
Subject(s) - immunotherapy , antigen , immune system , immunology , dendritic cell , cancer immunotherapy , mannan , ex vivo , t cell , immune tolerance , medicine , in vivo , biology , cancer research , polysaccharide , biochemistry , microbiology and biotechnology
The use of tumour‐associated antigens for cancer immunotherapy studies is exacerbated by tolerance to these self‐antigens. Tolerance may be broken by using ex vivo monocyte‐derived dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with self‐antigens. Targeting tumour‐associated antigens directly to DCs in vivo is an alternative and simpler strategy. The identification of cell surface receptors on DCs, and targeting antigens to DC receptors, has become a popular approach for inducing effective immune responses against cancer antigens. Many years ago, we demonstrated that targeting the mannose receptor on macrophages using the carbohydrate mannan to DCs led to appropriate immune responses and tumour protection in animal models. We conducted Phase I, I/II and II, clinical trials demonstrating the effectiveness of oxidised mannan‐MUC1 in patients with adenocarcinomas. Here we summarise DC targeting approaches and their efficacy in human clinical trials.