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Advances in Inhaled Technologies: Understanding the Therapeutic Challenge, Predicting Clinical Performance, and Designing the Optimal Inhaled Product
Author(s) -
Bäckman P,
Adelmann H,
Petersson G,
Jones C B
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
clinical pharmacology and therapeutics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.941
H-Index - 188
eISSN - 1532-6535
pISSN - 0009-9236
DOI - 10.1038/clpt.2014.27
Subject(s) - medicine , pharmacodynamics , intensive care medicine , clinical pharmacology , drug development , pharmacology , drug , drug delivery , pharmacokinetics , scope (computer science) , medical physics , computer science , nanotechnology , materials science , programming language
Inhaled medicines are designed mainly to provide safe and efficacious treatment of respiratory diseases, offering the potential advantages of targeted drug delivery such as reduced onset time and increased therapeutic ratio. However, as a flipside of targeted drug delivery, drug levels in the relevant effect compartment cannot be easily assessed. In combination with technical challenges associated with aerosolizing and administering an inhaled medicine, this renders inhalation product development demanding in the regulatory aspect as well. Emerging technologies that could address some of these challenges include (i) mechanistic pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modeling, which in combination with experimental techniques such as positron emission tomography could provide information on local target engagement; (ii) patient‐feedback features in combination with electronic monitoring, which may improve patient adherence as well as patient handling; and (iii) controlled‐release formulations and nanotechnology‐based formulations with high drug load, which may expand the scope of development of compounds and targets suitable for inhalation product development. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2014); 95 5, 509–520. doi: 10.1038/clpt.2014.27