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Pharmacokinetics of intravenous and intraperitoneal cefotaxime in chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
Author(s) -
Albin H C,
DemotesMainard F M,
Bouchet J L,
Vincon G A,
MartinDupont C
Publication year - 1985
Publication title -
clinical pharmacology and therapeutics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.941
H-Index - 188
eISSN - 1532-6535
pISSN - 0009-9236
DOI - 10.1038/clpt.1985.172
Subject(s) - cefotaxime , continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis , pharmacokinetics , peritoneal dialysis , volume of distribution , medicine , peritoneal fluid , pharmacology , urology , anesthesia , chemistry , antibiotics , biochemistry
We investigated the kinetics of cefotaxime in eight subjects undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). A single 1 gm iv dose was injected and a 1 gm dose was given intraperitoneally in the CAPD fluid during a 4‐hour dwell time. Cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime were assayed by HPLC. After intravenous injection the cefotaxime serum kinetic parameters were as follows: plasma t½, 2.31 ± 0.20 hours; volume of distribution, 0.35 ± 0.04 L/kg; total plasma clearance, 118.7 ± 12.3 ml/min; and peritoneal clearance, 6.7 ± 1.3 ml/min. Dialysate cefotaxime concentrations rose rapidly, but only 5% of the dose was eliminated by the peritoneal route. After intraperitoneal instillation, cefotaxime appeared in the serum rapidly and the peak serum concentrations ranged from 9 to 20 µg/ml between 1 and 3 hours. The absorption of cefotaxime from peritoneal space was 58.7% ± 5.4%. Data suggest that cefotaxime has bidirectional exchange characteristics through the peritoneal membrane. Instillation of cefotaxime in CAPD fluid may permit rapid absorption to achieve therapeutic serum concentrations. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1985) 38, 285–289; doi: 10.1038/clpt.1985.172