Open AccessExperience sampling method versus questionnaire measurement of HIV stigma: Psychosocial predictors of response discrepancies and associations with HIV outcomes.
Author(s) -
Pariya L Fazeli,
Bülent Turan
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
stigma and health
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2376-6972
pISSN - 2376-6964
DOI - 10.1037/sah0000170
Subject(s) - psychosocial , stigma (botany) , clinical psychology , human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) , psychology , experience sampling method , coping (psychology) , learned helplessness , normative , medicine , psychiatry , social psychology , family medicine , philosophy , epistemology
Accurate measurement of HIV-related stigma is key in understanding and reducing stigma for people living with HIV (PLWH). Experience sampling method (ESM) measures "state"-level phenomena and may improve understanding of daily stigma experiences of PLWH. In 109 men living with HIV, we examined: 1) associations between questionnaire (Q) and ESM internalized and enacted stigma measures; 2) psychosocial predictors (e.g., coping style, perceived HIV community stigma, helplessness) of discrepancies between Q and ESM internalized and enacted stigma; 3) whether Q or ESM measures better predict HIV outcomes. Hierarchical Linear Modeling showed moderate associations between ESM and Q measures of both internalized and enacted stigma. A majority of the psychosocial measures were associated with larger differences between both Q- and ESM-internalized stigma and enacted stigma, respectively. ESM measures were stronger predictors of visit adherence than Q measures. ESM may be advantageous in understanding moment-to-moment changes in stigma and associated processes in PLWH, particularly those with maladaptive psychological traits.