Open AccessIn-class attention, spatial ability, and mathematics anxiety predict across-grade gains in adolescents’ mathematics achievement.
Author(s) -
David C. Geary,
Mary K. Hoard,
Lara Nugent,
John E. Scofield
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
journal of educational psychology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.486
H-Index - 209
eISSN - 1939-2176
pISSN - 0022-0663
DOI - 10.1037/edu0000487
Subject(s) - spatial ability , psychology , academic achievement , cognition , competence (human resources) , mathematics education , psychological intervention , multilevel model , anxiety , developmental psychology , class (philosophy) , mathematical anxiety , social psychology , mathematics , statistics , computer science , neuroscience , psychiatry , artificial intelligence
Identifying meaningful cognitive and non-cognitive predictors of mathematical competence is critical for developing targeted interventions for students struggling with mathematics. Here, 317 students' short-term verbal memory, verbal and visuospatial working memory, complex spatial abilities, intelligence, and mathematics attitudes and anxiety were assessed, and their teachers reported on their attentive-behavior in seventh-grade mathematics classrooms. Bayesian regression models revealed that complex spatial abilities and in-class attention were the most plausible predictors of seventh-grade mathematics, but not word reading, achievement, controlling for prior achievement. These results were confirmed with multilevel models that revealed interactions between these factors and prior achievement. The largest gains were among students with strong mathematical competencies in sixth-grade, and average or better in-class attention in seventh-grade as well as above average spatial abilities. High mathematics anxiety was associated with lower attention and through this indirectly influenced achievement gains. These results have implications for how to best target interventions for students at risk for long-term difficulties with mathematics.