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The effects of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) on osteoblastic cells in culture and bone regeneration in a rat skull defect
Author(s) -
Yoneda Satoshi,
Itoh Daisuke,
Kuroda Shinji,
Kondo Hisatomo,
Umezawa Akihiro,
Ohya Keiichi,
Ohyama Takashi,
Kasugai Shohei
Publication year - 2003
Publication title -
journal of periodontal research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.31
H-Index - 83
eISSN - 1600-0765
pISSN - 0022-3484
DOI - 10.1034/j.1600-0765.2003.00667.x
Subject(s) - enamel matrix derivative , osteocalcin , osteopontin , alkaline phosphatase , osteoblast , chemistry , regeneration (biology) , matrix (chemical analysis) , microbiology and biotechnology , cell growth , cell culture , endocrinology , medicine , biology , in vitro , biochemistry , enzyme , chromatography , genetics
Objective: Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) has been clinically used to promote periodontal tissue regeneration. The purpose of the present study is to clarify EMD affects on osteoblastic cells and bone regeneration. Materials and Methods: Mouse osteoblastic cells (ST2 cells and KUSA/A1 cells) are used in culture experiments. After cells were treated with EMD, cell growth was evaluated with DNA measurement, 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyurydine (BrdU) incorporation assay. Measurement of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralized‐nodule (MN) formation, Northern blotting analysis and zymography are also performed. In addition, EMD was applied to a rat skull defect and the defect was radiographically and histologically evaluated 2 weeks after the application. Results: EMD did not stimulate ST2 cell growth; however, it enhanced KUSA/A1 cell proliferation. Although EMD stimulated ALP activity in both the cells, ALP activity in KUSA/A1 cells was affected to a much greater degree. Corresponding to the increase in ALP activity, MN formation in KUSA/A1 cells was enhanced by EMD. EMD stimulated osteoblastic phenotype expression of KUSA/A1 cells such as type I collagen, osteopontin, transforming growth factor beta 1 and osteocalcin. EMD treatment also stimulated matrix metalloproteinase production in KUSA/A1 cells. Although the effects of EMD on osteoblastic cells depend on cell type, the overall effect of EMD on osteoblastic cells is stimulatory rather than inhibitory. Finally, EMD application to a rat skull defect accelerated new bone formation. Conclusion: These results indicate that EMD affects osteoblastic cells and has potential as a therapeutic material for bone healing.