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Response of periodontal ligament fibroblasts and gingival fibroblasts to pulsating fluid flow: nitric oxide and prostaglandin E 2 release and expression of tissue non‐specific alkaline phosphatase activity
Author(s) -
Van Der Pauw M. T. M.,
KleinNulend J.,
Van Den Bos T.,
Burger E. H.,
Everts V.,
Beertsen W.
Publication year - 2000
Publication title -
journal of periodontal research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.31
H-Index - 83
eISSN - 1600-0765
pISSN - 0022-3484
DOI - 10.1034/j.1600-0765.2000.035006335.x
Subject(s) - periodontal fiber , nitric oxide , alkaline phosphatase , prostaglandin e2 , chemistry , prostaglandin , microbiology and biotechnology , endocrinology , dentistry , biology , medicine , biochemistry , enzyme , organic chemistry
The capacity of the periodontal ligament to alter its structure and mass in response to mechanical loading has long been recognized. However, the mechanism by which periodontal cells can detect physical forces and respond to them is largely unknown. Besides transmission of forces via cell‐matrix or cell‐cell interactions, the strain‐derived flow of interstitial fluid through the periodontal ligament may mechanically activate the periodontal cells, as well as ensure transport of cell signaling molecules, nutrients and waste products. Mechanosensory cells, such as endothelial and bone cells, are reported to respond to a flow of fluid with stimulated prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) and nitric oxide production. Therefore, we examined the PGE 2 and nitric oxide response of human periodontal ligament and gingival fibroblasts to pulsating fluid flow and assessed the expression of tissue non‐specific alkaline phosphatase activity. Periodontal ligament and gingival fibroblasts were subjected to a pulsating fluid flow (0.7±0.02 Pa, 5 Hz) for 60 min. PGE 2 and nitric oxide concentrations were determined in the conditioned medium after 5, 10, 30 and 60 min of flowing. After fluid flow the cells were cultured for another 60 min without mechanical stress. Periodontal ligament fibroblasts, but not gingival fibroblasts, responded to fluid flow with significantly elevated release of nitric oxide and decreased expression of tissue non‐specific alkaline phosphatase activity. In both periodontal ligament and gingival fibroblasts, PGE 2 production was significantly increased after 60 min of flowing. Periodontal ligament fibroblasts, but not gingival fibroblasts, produced significantly higher levels of PGE 2 during the postflow culture period. We conclude that human periodontal ligament fibroblasts are more responsive to pulsating fluid flow than gingival fibroblasts. The similarity of the early nitric oxide and PGE 2 responses to fluid flow in periodontal fibroblasts with bone cells and endothelial cells suggests that these three cell types possess a similar sensor system for fluid shear stress.