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Assessment of periodontal conditions and systemic disease in older subjects
Author(s) -
Persson R. E.,
Hollender L. G.,
MacEntee M. I.,
Wyatt C. C. L.,
Kiyak H. A.,
Persson G. R.
Publication year - 2003
Publication title -
journal of clinical periodontology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.456
H-Index - 151
eISSN - 1600-051X
pISSN - 0303-6979
DOI - 10.1034/j.1600-051x.2003.00237.x
Subject(s) - medicine , diabetes mellitus , periodontitis , dental alveolus , dentistry , odds ratio , clinical attachment loss , periodontal disease , gastroenterology , endocrinology
Background: An increased risk for periodontitis has been associated both with type‐1 or insulin dependent diabetes (IDDM) and with type‐2 or non‐insulin dependent diabetes (NIDDM). Aims: 1) To describe and analyze periodontal conditions in older low‐income ethnic diverse subjects with or without a diagnosis of diabetes. 2) To assess to what extent diabetes mellitus is associated with periodontal status, and 3) how periodontitis ranks as a coexisting disease among other diseases in subjects with diabetes mellitus. Material and methods: Radiographic signs of alveolar bone loss were studied in 1101 older subjects 60–75 years old (mean age 67.6, SD±4.7). The number of periodontal sites and the proportions of teeth with probing depth (PD) 5 mm, clinical attachment levels (CAL) 4 mm were studied in a subset of 701 of the subjects. Results: IDDM was reported by 2.9% and NIDDM by 9.2% of the subjects. The number of remaining teeth did not differ by diabetic status. The number of sites with PD 5 mm and the proportion of PD with 5 mm was significantly smaller in the non‐diabetic group (χ 2 =46.8, p <0.01, and χ 2 =171.1, p <0.001, respectively). Statistical analysis failed to demonstrate group differences for the number and proportions of sites with CAL 4 mm and for radiographic findings of alveolar bone loss. Combining all periodontal parameters revealed that the Mantel‐Haenszel common odds of having IDDM/NIDDM and periodontitis was 1.8 : 1 (95% CI: 1.1–3.1, p <0.03). The common odds ratio estimate of an association between heart disease and diabetes was 3.6 : 1 (95% CI: 2.1–2.6, p <0.001). Conclusions: Probing depth differences between IDDM/NIDDM vs. non‐diabetic subjects may reflect the presences of pseudo‐pockets and not progressive periodontitis in many subjects with diabetes mellitus. Periodontitis is not a predominant coexisting disease in older subjects with diabetes mellitus.