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Determining optimal surface roughness of TiO 2 blasted titanium implant material for attachment, proliferation and differentiation of cells derived from human mandibular alveolar bone
Author(s) -
Mustafa Kamal,
Wroblewski Joanna,
Lopez Blanca Silva,
Wennerberg Ann,
Hultenby Kjell,
Arvidson Kristina
Publication year - 2001
Publication title -
clinical oral implants research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.407
H-Index - 161
eISSN - 1600-0501
pISSN - 0905-7161
DOI - 10.1034/j.1600-0501.2001.120513.x
Subject(s) - osteocalcin , titanium , surface roughness , osteoblast , materials science , alkaline phosphatase , scanning electron microscope , surface finish , implant , biomedical engineering , chemistry , composite material , metallurgy , biochemistry , in vitro , surgery , medicine , enzyme
In the complex process of bone formation at the implant‐tissue interface, implant surface roughness is an important factor modulating osteoblastic function. In this study, primary cultures of osteoblast‐like cells, derived from human mandibular bone, were used. The aim was to examine the effect of varying surface roughness of titanium implant material on cellular attachment, proliferation and differentiation. A recognized method of increasing surface roughness and enlarging the surface area of titanium implants is by blasting with titanium dioxide particles: the four specimen types in the study comprised surfaces which were machine‐turned only, or blasted after turning, with 63–90 μm, 106–180 μm, or 180–300 μm TiO 2 particles, respectively. The specimens were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning. The turned samples had the smoothest surfaces: average height deviation (S a ) of 0.20 μm. The roughest were those blasted with 180–300 μm particles, S a value 1.38 μm. Blasting with intermediate particle sizes yielded S a values of 0.72 μm and 1.30 μm, respectively. Cell profile areas were measured using a semiautomatic interactive image analyzer. Figures were expressed as percentage of attachment. DNA synthesis was estimated by measuring the amount of [ 3 H]‐thymidine incorporation into trichloroacetic acid (TCA) insoluble cell precipitates. The specific activity of alkaline phosphatase was assayed using p‐nitrophenylphosphate as a substrate. The ability of the cells to synthesize osteocalcin was investigated in serum‐free culture medium using the ELSA‐OST‐NAT immunoradiometric kit. After 3 h of culture, the percentage of cellular attachment did not differ significantly between specimens blasted with 180–300 μm particles and the turned specimens. All blasted surfaces showed significantly higher [ 3 H]‐thymidine incorporation than the turned surfaces ( P <0.05), with the highest on the surfaces blasted with 180–300 μm particles. Osteocalcin synthesis by the cells in response to stimulation by 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 , was also significantly greater ( P <0.05) on the surfaces blasted with TiO 2 particles. However, analysis of alkaline phosphatase activity disclosed no significant differences among the four surface modifications. It is concluded that in this cellular model, the proliferation and differentiation of cells derived from human mandibular bone is enhanced by surface roughness of the titanium implant. However, increasing the size of the blasting particles to 300 μm does not further increase the initial attachment of the cells compared to turned surfaces and those blasted with 63–90 μm particles.