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Cuticle characteristics and volatile emissions of petals in Antirrhinum majus
Author(s) -
Goodwin S. Mark,
Kolosova Natalia,
Kish Christine M.,
Wood Karl V.,
Dudareva Natalia,
Jenks Matthew A.
Publication year - 2003
Publication title -
physiologia plantarum
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.351
H-Index - 146
eISSN - 1399-3054
pISSN - 0031-9317
DOI - 10.1034/j.1399-3054.2003.00047.x
Subject(s) - petal , antirrhinum majus , cuticle (hair) , botany , wax , biology , plant cuticle , epicuticular wax , chemistry , biochemistry , anatomy , gene
Floral volatiles, which are small and generally water‐insoluble, must move from their intracellular sites of synthesis through the outermost cuticle membrane before release from the flower surface. To determine whether petal cuticle might influence volatile emissions, we performed the first analysis of petal cuticle development and its association with the emission of flower volatiles using Antirrhinum majus L. (snapdragon) as a model system. Petal cuticular wax amount and composition, cuticle thickness and ultrastructure, and the amounts of internal and emitted methylbenzoate (the major snapdragon floral scent compound) were examined during 12 days, from flower opening to senescence. Normal ( n ‐) alkanes were found to be the major wax class of snapdragon petals (29.0% to 34.3%) throughout the 12 days examined. Besides n ‐alkanes, snapdragon petals possessed significant amounts of methyl branched alkanes (23.6–27.8%) and hydroxy esters (12.0–14.0%). Hydroxy esters have not been previously reported in plants. Changes in amount of methylbenzoate inside the petals followed closely with levels of methylbenzoate emission, suggesting that snapdragon petal cuticle may provide little diffusive resistance to volatile emissions. Moreover, clear associations did not exist between methylbenzoate emission and the cuticle properties examined during development. Nevertheless, the unique wax composition of snapdragon petal cuticles shows similarities with those of other highly permeable cuticles, suggesting an adaptation that could permit rapid volatile emission by scented flowers.