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Thermal microwave emission from a halfspace containing scatterers
Author(s) -
England A. W.
Publication year - 1974
Publication title -
radio science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.371
H-Index - 84
eISSN - 1944-799X
pISSN - 0048-6604
DOI - 10.1029/rs009i004p00447
Subject(s) - scattering , radiative transfer , brightness temperature , microwave , dielectric , materials science , brightness , single scattering albedo , thermal radiation , optics , computational physics , absorption (acoustics) , physics , thermodynamics , optoelectronics , quantum mechanics
The microwave brightness of heterogeneous materials is decreased by internal scattering. This study, based upon radiative transfer theory, shows that for low loss media darkening can be many tens of degrees, that the effect is greater for materials of lower dielectric constant, that darkening depends upon the dominance of scattering over absorption, that volume scattering tends to mask a temperature gradient, that darkening is slightly greater for V ‐ than for H ‐polarized radiation, and that darkening increases slightly with view angle. For isotropic scattering, the analysis yields the brightness temperature as a function of the scattering albedo, the complex dielectric constant, thermal temperature, and the temperature gradient.