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Low‐energy electron experiment for Atmosphere Explorer‐C and ‐D
Author(s) -
Hoffman R. A.,
Burch J. L.,
Janetzke R. W.,
McChesney J. F.,
Way S. H.,
Evans D. S.
Publication year - 1973
Publication title -
radio science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.371
H-Index - 84
eISSN - 1944-799X
pISSN - 0048-6604
DOI - 10.1029/rs008i004p00393
Subject(s) - electron , physics , range (aeronautics) , spacecraft , proton , atomic physics , detector , angular resolution (graph drawing) , energy (signal processing) , spectrum analyzer , charged particle , computational physics , nuclear physics , ion , optics , materials science , astronomy , composite material , mathematics , combinatorics , quantum mechanics
The low‐energy electron experiment will provide differential measurements of the energy influx and angular distributions of electrons and protons on the Atmosphere Explorer‐C and ‐D missions. The detectors consist of cylindrical electrostatic analyzers for species and energy selection and Spiraltron electron multipliers as particle sensors. The C version will contain three detectors, two measuring electrons and protons from 0.2 to 25 kev in 16 logarithmically‐spaced steps and one measuring 5 kev electrons continuously. Angular distributions will be acquired utilizing the spin of the spacecraft. The D version will contain 19 detectors, one proton‐stepped energy analyzer, and two electron‐stepped energy analyzers at two different angles, again over the energy range 0.2 to 25 kev. In addition it will contain 16 fixed‐energy detectors which will obtain high time‐resolution angular distributions in the spacecraft one‐revolution‐per‐orbit mode at five energies between 0.2 and 5 kev. Increase of these energies by a factor of 3.5 will be possible by ground command.