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VLF Phase Changes Produced by Particle Precipitation into the Geomagnetic Anomaly During Solar Proton Events
Author(s) -
Mendes A.,
Ananthakrishnan S.
Publication year - 1972
Publication title -
radio science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.371
H-Index - 84
eISSN - 1944-799X
pISSN - 0048-6604
DOI - 10.1029/rs007i004p00465
Subject(s) - earth's magnetic field , anomaly (physics) , ionosphere , proton , flux (metallurgy) , atmospheric sciences , geomagnetic latitude , precipitation , very low frequency , physics , phase (matter) , polar , geology , geodesy , meteorology , geophysics , magnetic field , astronomy , nuclear physics , materials science , quantum mechanics , metallurgy , condensed matter physics
Solar protons in the events of August 28 and September 2, 1966, produced phase disturbances on the 21.4–kHz VLF transmissions from station NSS, Annapolis, Maryland, to São Paulo, Brazil, and also on the 26.1‐kHz VLF transmissions from station NPM, Hawaii, to São Paulo, Brazil. Both these paths lie well below the polar zone, but partially traverse the geomagnetic anomaly. A quantitative connection between the observed phase advances and satellite observations of the proton flux is used to calculate the length of path affected and the height changes in the disturbed portion of the waveguide. The VLF variations are accounted for by exponential ionospheric models with a reference height equal to the effective reflecting height of the sharply bound model.