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Chemistry of the rock‐forming silicates: Multiple‐chain, sheet, and framework structures
Author(s) -
Papike J. J.
Publication year - 1988
Publication title -
reviews of geophysics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 8.087
H-Index - 156
eISSN - 1944-9208
pISSN - 8755-1209
DOI - 10.1029/rg026i003p00407
Subject(s) - silicate , electron microprobe , mineral , leucite , nepheline , crystal chemistry , silicate minerals , mineralogy , empa , feldspar , amphibole , geology , nepheline syenite , andradite , group (periodic table) , crystal (programming language) , pyrophyllite , crystallography , geochemistry , almandine , crystal structure , chemistry , metamorphism , quartz , paleontology , ceramic , organic chemistry , skarn , fluid inclusions , computer science , programming language
The crystal chemistry of 16 groups of multiple‐chain, sheet, and framework silicates is reviewed. Crystal structure drawings are presented to illustrate crystal chemical features necessary to interpret chemical data for each mineral group. The 16 silicate groups considered in this review are the amphibole; nonclassical, ordered pyriboles; mica; pyrophyllite‐talc; chlorite; greenalite; minnesotaite; stilpnomelane; prehnite; silica polymorphs; feldspar; nepheline‐kalsilite; leucite‐analcite; sodalite group; cancrinite group; and scapolite. Electron microprobe analyses should be augmented by independent determinations of Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ and H 2 O for many of the silicate groups discussed and by determinations of CO 3 2− , SO 4 2− , S 2− , and Li in some of the others. However, microprobe data augmented as suggested will still be ambiguous for some of the silicate groups considered here because the structures are not completely determined or are variable, with disparate domains and/or structural modulations, e.g., pyriboles, greenalite, minnesotaite, and stilpnomelane. Nevertheless, the most rigorous way to interpret silicate mineral chemical data is based on the crystal structures involved.