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Planetary science: 1983–1986
Author(s) -
Clifford Stephen M.
Publication year - 1987
Publication title -
reviews of geophysics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 8.087
H-Index - 156
eISSN - 1944-9208
pISSN - 8755-1209
DOI - 10.1029/rg025i002p00245
Subject(s) - venus , spacecraft , astrobiology , mars exploration program , apollo , planet , planetary science , launched , astronomy , physics , geology , zoology , quantum mechanics , biology
It would be fair to say that planetary science in the U.S. has seen better times. In the 1960's the United States launched, or attempted to launch, twenty‐five spacecraft to the Moon (including four manned Apollo flights), four spacecraft to Mars, and three to Venus. The 1970's saw five Apollo flights to the Moon, four spacecraft launched to the outer planets, four to Mars, two to Venus, and a Venus‐Mercury flyby. To date, in the 1980's, not a single U.S. planetary spacecraft has left the launch pad.