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The ionosphere as a source for magnetospheric ions
Author(s) -
Horwitz James L.
Publication year - 1982
Publication title -
reviews of geophysics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 8.087
H-Index - 156
eISSN - 1944-9208
pISSN - 8755-1209
DOI - 10.1029/rg020i004p00929
Subject(s) - plasmasphere , ionosphere , magnetosphere , ring current , magnetosheath , plasma sheet , ion , physics , geophysics , population , plasma , atmospheric sciences , magnetopause , demography , quantum mechanics , sociology
Ion composition measurements within the past several years have shown O + , He + , and other ions of terrestrial origin to compose a substantial fraction of the magnetospheric ion population. In this review we examine (1) observations of topside ionospheric composition, (2) mechanisms for energization and injection of ionospheric ions into the magnetosphere, and (3) observations of ions of ionospheric origin in various regions of the magnetosphere, including the plasmasphere, ring current, magnetotail plasma sheet and lobes, and boundary layer and magnetosheath.