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Ionosphere‐magnetosphere coupling: 3. A review of the role of wave‐particle interactions
Author(s) -
Thorne Richard Mansergh
Publication year - 1975
Publication title -
reviews of geophysics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 8.087
H-Index - 156
eISSN - 1944-9208
pISSN - 8755-1209
DOI - 10.1029/rg013i003p00878
Subject(s) - magnetosphere , electron precipitation , physics , van allen radiation belt , ring current , adiabatic invariant , adiabatic process , geophysics , ionosphere , atmosphere (unit) , charged particle , electron , atmospheric sciences , computational physics , precipitation , plasma , meteorology , ion , nuclear physics , quantum mechanics
Resonant interactions between waves and particles in the magnetosphere can cause a violation of the three adiabatic invariants µ, J , and Φ. Third‐invariant violation by fluctuating long‐period electric and magnetic fields acts as a major source for the inner radiation zone. Precipitation into the atmosphere induced by pitch angle diffusion associated with a violation of either of the first two invariants provides a major loss mechanism for geomagnetically trapped particles. Our understanding of such processes has advanced considerably over the last 4 years. Detailed models have been proposed to describe the nonadiabatic transfer of particles and energy from the magnetosphere and their effect on the upper atmosphere. This review will be limited to a discussion of recent advances in our understanding of four areas: auroral zone precipitation, relativistic electron precipitation events, the proton ring current and stable auroral red arcs, and middle‐latitude electron precipitation.