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A study of lateral inhomogeneities in the upper mantle by multiple Scs travel‐time residuals
Author(s) -
Okal Emile A.,
Anderson Don L.
Publication year - 1975
Publication title -
geophysical research letters
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.007
H-Index - 273
eISSN - 1944-8007
pISSN - 0094-8276
DOI - 10.1029/gl002i008p00313
Subject(s) - geology , asthenosphere , lithosphere , oceanic basin , seafloor spreading , mantle (geology) , continental margin , oceanic crust , hotspot (geology) , continental shelf , plate tectonics , geophysics , seismology , oceanography , tectonics , subduction
An analysis of records of multiply reflected ScS phases from ten deep‐focus earthquakes yields near‐vertical one‐way travel‐time residuals varying from +5.0 to −3.5 s. Continental and oceanic residuals overlap and both indicate large lateral variations. Similar values are found for the older oceanic basins and for continental shields. Most, if not all, of the variations can be attributed to differences in the lithosphere and asthenosphere. The mantle under Hawaii, Iceland and Trindade (South Atlantic) Islands is anomalously slow, all being postulated hotspots. In the case of Trindade, petrological data is consistent with a pronounced low‐velocity zone and large S delays. Some recent studies assumed that stations on oceanic islands were representative of the ocean as a whole and it has been suggested that continent‐ocean differences extend deeper than 400 km. The present results indicate that oceanic islands are anomalous, and that differences between oceans and continents need not extend below 200 km. This does not rule out the existence of deep lateral inhomogeneities, but only the proposal that continents, in general, are faster than oceans to depths greater than 400 km.