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The 1997 ENSO event and implication for North American Laurentian Great Lakes winter severity and ice cover
Author(s) -
Assel Raymond A.
Publication year - 1998
Publication title -
geophysical research letters
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.007
H-Index - 273
eISSN - 1944-8007
pISSN - 0094-8276
DOI - 10.1029/98gl00720
Subject(s) - el niño southern oscillation , climatology , environmental science , physical geography , cover (algebra) , geology , geography , mechanical engineering , engineering
Mild winters and below‐average annual maximum ice cover for the Laurentian Great Lakes occur during strong warm ENSO events. During the six strongest warm ENSO events since 1950 a Great Lakes winter severity temperature index and simulated annual maximum ice cover averaged 1.2°C above and 15% below a 1950–1994 average, respectively. The observed differences between the average of the strong ENSO event years and the base period average are statistically significant.