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Geomagnetic storms caused by coronal mass ejections (CMEs): March 1996 through June 1997
Author(s) -
Brueckner G. E.,
Delaboudiniere J.P.,
Howard R. A.,
Paswaters S. E.,
St. Cyr O. C.,
Schwenn R.,
Lamy P.,
Simnett G. M.,
Thompson B.,
Wang D.
Publication year - 1998
Publication title -
geophysical research letters
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.007
H-Index - 273
eISSN - 1944-8007
pISSN - 0094-8276
DOI - 10.1029/98gl00704
Subject(s) - coronal mass ejection , geomagnetic storm , physics , coronagraph , space weather , solar flare , astronomy , solar wind , earth's magnetic field , magnetic cloud , solar cycle 23 , observatory , coronal hole , astrophysics , geophysics , magnetic field , planet , exoplanet , quantum mechanics
(1) All but two geomagnetic storms with Kp ≥ 6 during the operating period (March 1996 through June 1997) of the Large Angle Spectroscopic Coronagraph (LASCO) experiment on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) spacecraft can be traced to Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs). (2) These geomagnetic storms are not related to high speed solar wind streams. (3) The CMEs which cause geomagnetic effects, can be classified into two categories: Halo events and toroidal CMEs. (4) The CMEs are accompanied by Coronal Shock Waves as seen in the Extreme Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT) Fe XII images. (5) Some CMEs are related to flares, others are not. (6) In many cases, the travel time between the explosion on the Sun and the maximum geomagnetic activity is about 80 hours.