Open AccessSpecral magnitudes and seismograms measure radiation from seismic sources
Author(s) -
Duda Seweryn J.,
Gupta Harsh K.
Publication year - 1997
Publication title -
eos, transactions american geophysical union
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.316
H-Index - 86
eISSN - 2324-9250
pISSN - 0096-3941
DOI - 10.1029/97eo00268
Subject(s) - seismology , magnitude (astronomy) , seismometer , seismogram , geology , richter magnitude scale , amplitude , seismic noise , seismic wave , scale (ratio) , surface wave , geodesy , geography , cartography , geometry , physics , optics , mathematics , scaling , astronomy
For over 100 years, efforts have been made to measure the strength of earthquakes. In 1935, Richter established the local magnitude scale, M L , for earthquakes in Southern California using Wood Anderson Seismographs. The seismic waves used had periods ranging from 0.1 s to 2 s. In 1945, Gutenberg [1945a] developed the surface wave magnitude scale ( M s ) based on the amplitudes of horizontal surface waves with periods of (20±3) s, recorded at large distances. Gutenberg [1945b] also used seismic body P and S waves, with average periods of 5 s and 10 s, respectively, to introduce the bodywave magnitude scale (mb).