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Preliminary results from the Sprites94 Aircraft Campaign: 1. Red sprites
Author(s) -
Sentman D. D.,
Wescott E. M.,
Osborne D. L.,
Hampton D. L.,
Heavner M. J.
Publication year - 1995
Publication title -
geophysical research letters
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.007
H-Index - 273
eISSN - 1944-8007
pISSN - 0094-8276
DOI - 10.1029/95gl00583
Subject(s) - thunderstorm , meteorology , environmental science , sprite (computer graphics) , atmospheric sciences , tops , altitude (triangle) , ionosphere , remote sensing , physics , geology , astronomy , computer science , mathematics , azimuth , computer vision , geometry
The dual jet aircraft Sprites94 campaign yielded the first color imagery and unambiguously triangulated physical dimensions and heights of upper atmospheric optical emissions associated with thunderstorm systems. Low light level television images, in both color and in black and white (B/W), obtained during the campaign show that there are at least two distinctively different types of optical emissions spanning part or all of the distance between the anvil tops and the ionosphere. The first of these emissions, dubbed “sprites” after their elusive nature, are luminous structures of brief (< 16 ms) duration with a red main body that typically spans the altitude range 50–90 km, and possessing lateral dimensions of 5–30 km. Faint bluish tendrils often extend downward from the main body of sprites, occasionally appearing to reach cloud tops near 20 km. In this paper the principal characteristics of red sprites as observed during the Sprites94 campaign are described. The second distinctive type of emissions, “blue jets,” are described in a companion paper [ Wescott et al., this issue].