Open AccessResults From a Decade of Optical Fiber Strainmeters at Piñon Flat Observatory
Author(s) -
Hatfield William,
Elliott Don,
Wyatt Frank K.,
Xie Surui,
Zumberge Mark A.
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
earth and space science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.843
H-Index - 23
ISSN - 2333-5084
DOI - 10.1029/2022ea002381
Subject(s) - seismometer , borehole , geology , amplitude , noise (video) , seismology , optical fiber , observatory , geodesy , optics , physics , geotechnical engineering , astrophysics , artificial intelligence , computer science , image (mathematics)
Optical fibers, stretched between anchors attached to the Earth and buried in boreholes and shallow trenches, offer an inexpensive and robust means to observe Earth strain. We have deployed several optical fiber strainmeters (OFSs) in boreholes, where thermal stability helps mitigate the noise from temperature changes. We have also constructed horizontal OFSs in 1‐m‐deep trenches of lengths 221 and 174 m. In these, a second optical fiber having a contrasting temperature coefficient provides a means to separate true strain from thermal noise. Signals in the seismic band from the horizontal strainmeters agree well with records from collocated seismometers, and the predominant ambient noise recorded by both techniques are consistent. Solid Earth strain tides with amplitude of 30 nε (nanostrain) are observed in these horizontal OFSs that agree well with those observed by collocated vacuum laser strainmeters. Noise at periods of a few days amounts to 50 nε. The two horizontal strainmeters show drift rates of up to 1 µε per month, and occasional false signals (evident from comparisons with the vacuum laser strainmeters) can accumulate occasionally to the order of 50 nε over times from hours to weeks. Results to date indicate that this technology on land could detect slow‐slip events of amplitude 100 nε and higher.