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On the Growth and Development of Non‐Linear Kelvin–Helmholtz Instability at Mars: MAVEN Observations
Author(s) -
Poh Gangkai,
Espley Jared R.,
Nykyri Katariina,
Fowler Christopher M.,
Ma Xuanye,
Xu Shaosui,
Hanley Gwen,
Romanelli Norberto,
Bowers Charles,
Gruesbeck Jacob,
DiBraccio Gina A.
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
journal of geophysical research: space physics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2169-9402
pISSN - 2169-9380
DOI - 10.1029/2021ja029224
Subject(s) - physics , magnetosheath , magnetosphere , instability , vortex , magnetohydrodynamics , magnetic field , plasma , magnetic flux , computational physics , magnetopause , mechanics , quantum mechanics
In this study, we have analyzed Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) observations of fields and plasma signatures associated with an encounter of fully developed Kelvin–Helmholtz (K–H) vortices at the northern polar terminator along Mars' induced magnetosphere boundary. The signatures of the K–H vortices event are: (a) quasi‐periodic, “bipolar‐like” sawtooth magnetic field perturbations, (b) corresponding density decrease, (c) tailward enhancement of plasma velocity for both protons and heavy ions, (d) co‐existence of magnetosheath and planetary plasma in the region prior to the sawtooth magnetic field signature (i.e., mixing region of the vortex structure), and (e) pressure enhancement (minimum) at the edge (center) of the sawtooth magnetic field signature. Our results strongly support the scenario for the non‐linear growth of K–H instability along Mars’ induced magnetosphere boundary, where a plasma flow difference between the magnetosheath and induced‐magnetospheric plasma is expected. Our findings are also in good agreement with 3‐dimensional local magnetohydrodynamics simulation results. MAVEN observations of protons with energies greater than 10 keV and results from the Walén analyses suggests the possibility of particle energization within the mixing region of the K–H vortex structure via magnetic reconnection, secondary instabilities or other turbulent processes. We estimate the lower limit on the K–H instability linear growth rate to be ∼5.84 × 10 −3 s −1 . For these vortices, we estimate the instantaneous atmospheric ion escape flux due to the detachment of plasma clouds during the late non‐linear stage of K–H instability to be ∼5.90 × 10 26 particles/s. Extrapolation of loss rates integrated across time and space will require further work.