Open AccessImpacts of Fine Particulate Matter From Wildfire Smoke on Respiratory and Cardiovascular Health in California
Author(s) -
Heaney Alexandra,
Stowell Jennifer D.,
Liu Jia Coco,
Basu Rupa,
Marlier Miriam,
Kinney Patrick
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
geohealth
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.889
H-Index - 12
ISSN - 2471-1403
DOI - 10.1029/2021gh000578
Subject(s) - asthma , cardiorespiratory fitness , environmental health , particulates , medicine , smoke , percentile , environmental science , meteorology , geography , ecology , biology , statistics , mathematics
Increases in wildfire activity across the Western US pose a significant public health threat. While there is evidence that wildfire smoke is detrimental for respiratory health, the impacts on cardiovascular health remain unclear. This study evaluates the association between fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) from wildfire smoke and unscheduled cardiorespiratory hospital visits in California during the 2004–2009 wildfire seasons. We estimate daily mean wildfire‐specific PM 2.5 with Goddard Earth Observing System‐Chem, a global three‐dimensional model of atmospheric chemistry, with wildfire emissions estimates from the Global Fire Emissions Database. We defined a “smoke event day” as cumulative 0‐1‐day lag wildfire‐specific PM 2.5 ≥ 98th percentile of cumulative 0–1 lag day wildfire PM 2.5 . Associations between exposure and outcomes are estimated using negative binomial regression. Results indicate that smoke event days are associated with a 3.3% (95% CI: [0.4%, 6.3%]) increase in visits for all respiratory diseases and a 10.3% (95% CI: [2.3%, 19.0%]) increase for asthma specifically. Stratifying by age, we found the largest effect for asthma among children ages 0–5 years. We observed no significant association between exposure and overall cardiovascular disease, but stratified analyses revealed increases in visits for all cardiovascular, ischemic heart disease, and heart failure among non‐Hispanic white individuals and those older than 65 years. Further, we found a significant interaction between smoke event days and daily average temperature for all cardiovascular disease visits, suggesting that days with high wildfire PM 2.5 concentrations and high temperatures may pose greater risk for cardiovascular disease. These results suggest substantial increases in adverse outcomes from wildfire smoke exposure and indicate the need for improved prevention strategies and adaptations to protect vulnerable populations.