Open AccessGlobal Cancer Risk From Unregulated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Author(s) -
Kelly Jamie M.,
Ivatt Peter D.,
Evans Mathew J.,
Kroll Jesse H.,
Hrdina Amy I. H.,
Kohale Ishwar N.,
White Forest M.,
Engelward Bevin P.,
Selin Noelle E.
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
geohealth
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.889
H-Index - 12
ISSN - 2471-1403
DOI - 10.1029/2021gh000401
Subject(s) - pyrene , environmental chemistry , environmental science , risk assessment , degradation (telecommunications) , human health , benzo(a)pyrene , health risk assessment , chemistry , environmental health , computer science , organic chemistry , medicine , telecommunications , computer security
In assessments of cancer risk from atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), scientists and regulators rarely consider the complex mixture of emitted compounds and degradation products, and they often represent the entire mixture using a single emitted compound—benzo[a]pyrene. Here, we show that benzo[a]pyrene is a poor indicator of PAH risk distribution and management: nearly 90% of cancer risk worldwide results from other PAHs, including unregulated degradation products of emitted PAHs. We develop and apply a global‐scale atmospheric model and conduct health impact analyses to estimate human cancer risk from 16 PAHs and several of their N‐PAH degradation products. We find that benzo[a]pyrene is a minor contributor to the total cancer risks of PAHs (11%); the remaining risk comes from other directly emitted PAHs (72%) and N‐PAHs (17%). We show that assessment and policy‐making that relies solely on benzo[a]pyrene exposure provides misleading estimates of risk distribution, the importance of chemical processes, and the prospects for risk mitigation. We conclude that researchers and decision‐makers should consider additional PAHs as well as degradation products.