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Integrating Gravimetry Data With Thermal Infra‐Red Data From Satellites to Improve Efficiency of Operational Irrigation Advisory in South Asia
Author(s) -
Bose Indira,
Hossain Faisal,
Eldardiry Hisham,
Ahmad Shahryar,
Biswas Nishan K.,
Bhatti Ahmad Zeeshan,
Lee Hyongki,
Aziz Mazharul,
Kamal Khan Md. Shah
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
water resources research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.863
H-Index - 217
eISSN - 1944-7973
pISSN - 0043-1397
DOI - 10.1029/2020wr028654
Subject(s) - environmental science , irrigation , evapotranspiration , groundwater , water resource management , hydrology (agriculture) , remote sensing , geography , engineering , ecology , geotechnical engineering , biology
The rapid decline of groundwater resources in South Asia due to excessive irrigation during dry season requires awareness of optimal on‐field water requirements. Such information is currently provided on farmer cellphones through an operational Irrigation Advisory System (IAS). To minimize the cost of sending such irrigation advisory texts to farmers while maximizing impact of IAS on groundwater sustainability, we integrated Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) data with Landsat Thermal Infrared (TIR) Imagery to target regions in greater need of the IAS service. We demonstrated the concept of an improved IAS over eight irrigation districts of the Ganges and Indus basins. The Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) was used to monitor on‐field water consumption (evapotranspiration‐ET) over cropped areas using Landsat TIR data at plot‐scale spatial resolution. Comparison of SEBAL ET with crop water demand from Penman‐Monteith (FAO56) technique quantified the extent of overirrigation at the plot scale and provided a tangible pathway to microtarget the IAS service only to farmers with the largest groundwater use footprint, thereby improving the impact of the IAS service further. Our results suggested that an operational IAS that integrates GRACE and Landsat TIR data on average can save about 85% (80 million m 3 ) of groundwater per dry season for irrigation districts of Northern India and 87% (or 150 million m 3 ) per year for irrigation districts of Eastern Pakistan.