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Cloud Patterns in the Trades Have Four Interpretable Dimensions
Author(s) -
Janssens Martin,
VilàGuerau de Arellano Jordi,
Scheffer Marten,
Antonissen Coco,
Siebesma A. Pier,
Glassmeier Franziska
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
geophysical research letters
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.007
H-Index - 273
eISSN - 1944-8007
pISSN - 0094-8276
DOI - 10.1029/2020gl091001
Subject(s) - variance (accounting) , cloud computing , subtropics , set (abstract data type) , principal component analysis , computer science , environmental science , meteorology , climatology , geology , geography , ecology , artificial intelligence , accounting , business , biology , programming language , operating system
Shallow cloud fields over the subtropical ocean exhibit many spatial patterns. The frequency of occurrence of these patterns can change under global warming. Hence, they may influence subtropical marine clouds’ climate feedback. While numerous metrics have been proposed to quantify cloud patterns, a systematic, widely accepted description is still missing. Therefore, this study suggests one. We compute 21 metrics for 5,000 satellite scenes of shallow clouds over the subtropical Atlantic Ocean and translate the resulting data set to its principal components (PCs). This yields a unimodal, continuous distribution without distinct classes, whose first four PCs explain 82% of all 21 metrics’ variance. The PCs correspond to four interpretable dimensions: Characteristic length, void size, directional alignment, and horizontal cloud top height variance. These dimensions span a space in which an effective pattern description can be given, which may be used to better understand the patterns’ underlying physics and feedback on climate.