Open AccessUpdate on Galactic Cosmic Ray Integral Flux Measurements in Lunar Orbit With CRaTER
Author(s) -
Zeitlin C.,
Schwadron N. A.,
Spence H. E.,
Jordan A. P.,
Looper M. D.,
Wilson J.,
Mazur J. E.,
Townsend L. W.
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
space weather
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.254
H-Index - 56
ISSN - 1542-7390
DOI - 10.1029/2019sw002223
Subject(s) - cosmic ray , physics , impact crater , telescope , flux (metallurgy) , solar cycle , health threat from cosmic rays , astronomy , astrophysics , cosmic cancer database , orbit (dynamics) , heliosphere , orbiter , solar wind , coronal mass ejection , nuclear physics , plasma , aerospace engineering , materials science , engineering , metallurgy
We report updated measurements of the integral fluxes of energetic protons, helium ions, and heavier ions as measured by the Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation (CRaTER). CRaTER is a particle telescope that has been operating aboard the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter since 2009. In an earlier report, we presented the methodology used to extract linear energy transfer spectra and integral fluxes for particles with sufficient energies to fully penetrate the telescope. Results were presented for the time span from late 2009 to the end of calendar year 2014, a period that encompassed the rise of solar activity from deep solar minimum to the weak maximum of Cycle 24. Here, we update the results with data obtained from that point in time through the end of 2018, in the declining phase of Cycle 24. Fluxes obtained in the most recent data are approaching the peak levels observed in late 2009 and early 2010. The results can be used as input to models of solar modulation of galactic cosmic rays and are also relevant to human exploration of deep space.