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Sensing System for Remote Areas in Antarctica
Author(s) -
Porte Joaquim,
Maso Josep M.,
Pijoan Joan Lluis,
Badia David
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
radio science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.371
H-Index - 84
eISSN - 1944-799X
pISSN - 0048-6604
DOI - 10.1029/2019rs006920
Subject(s) - computer science , telecommunications , high frequency , ionosphere , transmission (telecommunications) , reflection (computer programming) , skywave , remote sensing , internet access , base station , electrical engineering , the internet , geography , geology , engineering , geophysics , radar , world wide web , programming language
Every year, the number of Internet of Things devices is growing exponentially. The current Internet of Things technology to support the connectivity of such a huge number of devices is limited by the coverage of the base stations deployed. In case of remote areas without coverage of any operator, the use of a satellite connection is such a high‐cost option. The only alternative option for very remote sensor is high frequency (HF) communications with ionospheric reflection. The HF band (3–30 MHz) with Near Vertical Incidence Skywave allows a large coverage area (up to 250 km) without the need of line of sight. The HF radio links usually need higher power transmissions with larger antennas supported by a mast. In this paper, we explore a new transmission scheme for low‐power transmissions, which is equivalent to use small and low gain HF antennas. We study the performance of several digital modulations using different bandwidths and transmission power. The field tests have been done around the Spanish Antarctic Base at Livingston Island to ensure the availability of the system even in polar areas where the behavior of the ionosphere is quite different from lower latitudes. However, the proposed physical layer fits well with any other remote location that requires low power data communication.