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Estimation of the IC to CG Ratio Using JEM‐GLIMS and Ground‐Based Lightning Network Data
Author(s) -
Bandholnopparat K.,
Sato M.,
Adachi T.,
Ushio T.,
Takahashi Y.
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
journal of geophysical research: atmospheres
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2169-8996
pISSN - 2169-897X
DOI - 10.1029/2019jd032195
Subject(s) - lightning (connector) , latitude , lightning detection , equator , atmospheric electricity , physics , environmental science , meteorology , atmospheric sciences , thunderstorm , electric field , astronomy , power (physics) , quantum mechanics
The occurrence ratio of intracloud (IC) to cloud‐to‐ground (CG) discharges, which is denoted by Z ‐ratio, is the crucial parameter for the studies on the global electric circuit. However, the latitudinal and regional dependences of Z ‐ratio are not fully clarified. Therefore, using optical data obtained by the Global Lightning and Sprite Measurements on Japanese Experiment Module (JEM‐GLIMS), we distinguished the lightning discharge type, that is, IC, positive CG (+CG), and negative CG (−CG) discharges, and statistically estimated the Z ‐ratio. We analyzed 8,354 lightning events that obtained by JEM‐GLIMS observation and succeeded in identifying 4,431 IC discharges, 597 +CG discharges, and 3,326 −CG discharges. From this result, we calculated the Z ‐ratio over many regions around the world and estimated its latitudinal and regional dependences. It is found that the Z ‐ratio over the continental area is larger than the oceanic area. We also found that the Z ‐ratio significantly decreases with the latitude, which is generally comparable to the results shown in the previous studies. The estimated Z ‐ratio varies from 2.9–0.29 from the equator to 50° latitude, and the global mean value is 1.6. The regional dependence of Z ‐ratio derived from this study can be combined with the CG lightning data provided by the ground‐based lightning detection networks to estimate the occurrence number of IC discharges. Then, the occurrence number of both IC and CG discharges can be used for calculating a more accurate estimation of the total lightning currents in the global electric circuit.