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Impact of Aquarius and SMAP Satellite Sea Surface Salinity Observations on Coupled El Niño/Southern Oscillation Forecasts
Author(s) -
Hackert Eric C.,
Kovach Robin M.,
Busalacchi Antonio J.,
BallabreraPoy Joaquim
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
journal of geophysical research: oceans
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2169-9291
pISSN - 2169-9275
DOI - 10.1029/2019jc015130
Subject(s) - initialization , sss* , climatology , environmental science , equator , satellite , data assimilation , sea surface temperature , kelvin wave , el niño southern oscillation , madden–julian oscillation , salinity , meteorology , atmospheric sciences , geology , oceanography , latitude , geography , computer science , geodesy , physics , convection , astronomy , artificial intelligence , programming language
This study demonstrates the positive impact of including gridded Aquarius and Soil Moisture, Active/Passive (SMAP) sea surface salinity (SSS) into initialization of intermediate complexity coupled model forecasts for the tropical Indo‐Pacific. An experiment that assimilates conventional ocean observations serves as the control. In a separate experiment, Aquarius and SMAP satellite SSS are additionally assimilated into the coupled model initialization. Analysis of the initialization differences with the control indicates that SSS assimilation causes a freshening and shallowing of the mixed layer depth near the equator and enhanced Kelvin wave amplitude. For each month from September 2011 to September 2017, 12‐month‐coupled ENSO forecasts are initialized from both the control and satellite SSS assimilation experiments. The experiment assimilating Aquarius and SMAP SSS significantly outperforms the control relative to observed NINO3.4 sea surface temperature anomalies. This work highlights the potential importance of inclusion of satellite SSS for improving the initialization of operational ENSO coupled forecasts.