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The Evolution of Complex E s Observed by Multi Instruments Over Low‐Latitude China
Author(s) -
Sun Wenjie,
Ning Baiqi,
Hu Lianhuan,
Yue Xinan,
Zhao Xiukuan,
Lan Jiaping,
Zhu Zhengping,
Huang Zhaoguo,
Wu Zhi
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
journal of geophysical research: space physics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2169-9402
pISSN - 2169-9380
DOI - 10.1029/2019ja027656
Subject(s) - radar , daytime , sporadic e propagation , latitude , geology , echo (communications protocol) , backscatter (email) , remote sensing , antenna (radio) , high latitude , satellite , meteorology , atmospheric sciences , physics , geodesy , geophysics , ionosphere , telecommunications , astronomy , computer science , wireless , computer network
Abstract A complex daytime sporadic E ( E s ) case with extremely high critical frequency ( f o E s ) was observed over the low latitude of China on 19 May 2018. Simultaneous observational results from two very high frequency (VHF) radars, two ionosondes, and multiple Global Navigation Satellite System total electron content and scintillation receivers are analyzed to investigate the evolution of the complex E s occurrence, which consisted of a relatively weak ambient E s layer ( f o E s < 8 MHz) and band‐like strong E s structures ( f o E s > 17 MHz) drifting from higher latitude. The strong E s structures elongated more than 500 km in the northwest‐southeast direction, drifted southwestward at a speed of ~65 m/s. VHF radar backscatter echoes were generated when the strong E s structures passed the radar field of view, with different echo patterns due to different radar and antenna configurations. No VHF radar backscatter echo was associated with the ambient E s layer. The mechanisms responsible for the formations of the ambient E s layer and band‐like strong E s structures are addressed and discussed.