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Morning Overshoot of Electron Temperature as Observed by the Swarm Constellation and the International Space Station
Author(s) -
Yang TaeYong,
Park Jaeheung,
Kwak YoungSil,
Oyama KohIchiro,
Minow Joseph I.,
Lee Jaejin
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
journal of geophysical research: space physics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2169-9402
pISSN - 2169-9380
DOI - 10.1029/2019ja027299
Subject(s) - morning , overshoot (microwave communication) , equator , earth's magnetic field , atmospheric sciences , latitude , altitude (triangle) , longitude , ionosphere , environmental science , meteorology , climatology , physics , geodesy , geography , geology , mathematics , geophysics , magnetic field , computer science , astronomy , telecommunications , geometry , quantum mechanics
The rapid increase of electron temperature in the early morning hours at low latitudes is a well‐known ionospheric phenomenon called morning overshoot. In this study, we extensively investigate the dependence of morning overshoot on local time, season, latitude/longitude/altitude, and magnetic activity. The electron temperature and density data set used in this study are obtained from (1) the Swarm constellation at two different altitudes of 470 and 520 km with identical payloads and (2) the Floating Potential Measurement Unit onboard International Space Station at an altitude of 400 km. Based on the data between 2014 and 2019, the main findings of this study are as follows: (1) on a global average, morning overshoot generally weakens with decreasing altitudes. (2) Morning overshoot is stronger around the dip equator than at midlatitude regions. As latitude increases, the overshoot decreases gradually and shifts to later local times. (3) In off‐equatorial regions the overshoot is stronger in the winter than in the summer hemisphere, especially at higher altitudes. (4) Lastly, the morning overshoot shows multiday oscillations, which are negatively correlated with plasma density and affected by geomagnetic activity.