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Laboratory Study on Fluid‐Induced Fault Slip Behavior: The Role of Fluid Pressurization Rate
Author(s) -
Wang Lei,
Kwiatek Grzegorz,
Rybacki Erik,
Bonnelye Audrey,
Bohnhoff Marco,
Dresen Georg
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
geophysical research letters
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.007
H-Index - 273
eISSN - 1944-8007
pISSN - 0094-8276
DOI - 10.1029/2019gl086627
Subject(s) - cabin pressurization , slip (aerodynamics) , geology , fluid dynamics , fluid pressure , fault (geology) , pore water pressure , geotechnical engineering , mechanics , materials science , seismology , composite material , engineering , physics , aerospace engineering
Understanding the physical mechanisms governing fluid‐induced fault slip is important for improved mitigation of seismic risks associated with large‐scale fluid injection. We conducted fluid‐induced fault slip experiments in the laboratory on critically stressed saw‐cut sandstone samples with high permeability using different fluid pressurization rates. Our experimental results demonstrate that fault slip behavior is governed by fluid pressurization rate rather than injection pressure. Slow stick‐slip episodes (peak slip velocity < 4 μm/s) are induced by fast fluid injection rate, whereas fault creep with slip velocity < 0.4 μm/s mainly occurs in response to slow fluid injection rate. Fluid‐induced fault slip may remain mechanically stable for loading stiffness larger than fault stiffness. Independent of fault slip mode, we observed dynamic frictional weakening of the artificial fault at elevated pore pressure. Our observations highlight that varying fluid injection rates may assist in reducing potential seismic hazards of field‐scale fluid injection projects.