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Source‐Dependent Amplification of Earthquake Ground Motions in Deep Sedimentary Basins
Author(s) -
Wirth Erin A.,
Vidale John E.,
Frankel Arthur D.,
Pratt Thomas L.,
Marafi Nasser A.,
Thompson Mika,
Stephenson William J.
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
geophysical research letters
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.007
H-Index - 273
eISSN - 1944-8007
pISSN - 0094-8276
DOI - 10.1029/2019gl082474
Subject(s) - geology , seismology , sedimentary basin , structural basin , intraplate earthquake , seismic hazard , rayleigh wave , sedimentary rock , magnitude (astronomy) , surface wave , geomorphology , paleontology , tectonics , telecommunications , physics , astronomy , computer science
Deep sedimentary basins amplify long‐period shaking from seismic waves, increasing the seismic hazard for cities sited on such basins. We perform 3‐D simulations of point source earthquakes distributed around the Seattle and Tacoma basins in Washington State to examine the dependence of basin amplification on source azimuth, depth, and earthquake type. For periods between 1 and 10 s, the pattern of amplification is spatially heterogeneous and differs considerably with the source‐to‐site azimuth. For close‐in earthquakes, the greatest basin amplification occurs toward the farside of the basin and ground motions from crustal earthquakes experience greater amplification than those from more vertically incident, deeper intraplate earthquakes. Love and Rayleigh waves form similar spatial patterns for a given source location, although the magnitude of amplification varies. The source dependence of basin amplification is an important factor for seismic hazard assessment, in both the Seattle and Tacoma basins, and by extension for deep sedimentary basins worldwide.