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Influence of Model Bias on Simulating North Atlantic Sea Surface Temperature During the Mid‐Pliocene
Author(s) -
Song Zhaoyang,
Latif Mojib,
Park Wonsun,
Zhang Yuming
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
paleoceanography and paleoclimatology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.927
H-Index - 127
eISSN - 2572-4525
pISSN - 2572-4517
DOI - 10.1029/2018pa003397
Subject(s) - climatology , sea surface temperature , archipelago , north atlantic deep water , climate model , atlantic multidecadal oscillation , arctic , proxy (statistics) , geology , ocean current , gulf stream , zonal and meridional , atlantic equatorial mode , general circulation model , thermohaline circulation , oceanography , environmental science , climate change , machine learning , computer science
Abstract Climate models generally underestimate the pronounced warming in the sea surface temperature (SST) over the North Atlantic during the mid‐Pliocene that is suggested by proxy data. Here we investigate the influence of the North Atlantic cold SST bias, which is observed in many climate models, on the simulation of mid‐Pliocene surface climate in a series of simulations with the Kiel Climate Model. A surface freshwater‐flux correction is applied over the North Atlantic, which considerably improves simulation of North Atlantic Ocean circulation and SST under present‐day conditions. Using reconstructed mid‐Pliocene boundary conditions with closed Bering and Arctic Archipelago Straits, the corrected model depicts significantly reduced model‐proxy SST discrepancy in comparison to the uncorrected model. A key factor in reducing the discrepancy is the stronger and more sensitive Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation and poleward heat transport. We conclude that simulations of mid‐Pliocene surface climate over the North Atlantic can considerably benefit from alleviating model biases in this region.