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Long‐Term Measurements of Methane Ebullition From Thaw Ponds
Author(s) -
Burke S. A.,
Wik M.,
Lang A.,
Contosta A. R.,
Palace M.,
Crill P. M.,
Varner R. K.
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
journal of geophysical research: biogeosciences
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2169-8961
pISSN - 2169-8953
DOI - 10.1029/2018jg004786
Subject(s) - environmental science , arctic , permafrost , atmospheric sciences , flux (metallurgy) , methane , hydrology (agriculture) , climatology , oceanography , ecology , chemistry , geology , biology , geotechnical engineering , organic chemistry
Abstract Arctic regions are experiencing rapid warming, leading to permafrost thaw and formation of numerous water bodies. Although small ponds in particular are considered hot spots for methane (CH 4 ) release, long‐term studies of CH 4 efflux from these surfaces are rare. We have collected an extensive data set of CH 4 ebullition (bubbling) measurements from eight small thaw ponds (<0.001 km 2 ) with different physical and hydrological characteristics over four summer seasons, the longest set of observations from thaw ponds to date. The measured fluxes were highly variable with an average of 20.0 mg CH 4 · m −2 · day −1 (median: 4.1 mg CH 4 · m −2 · day −1 , n = 2,063) which is higher than that of most nearby lakes. The ponds were categorized into four types based on clear and significant differences in bubble flux. We found that the amount of CH 4 released as bubbles from ponds was very weakly correlated with environmental variables, like air temperature and atmospheric pressure, and was potentially more related to differences in physical characteristics of the ponds. Using our measured average daily bubble flux plus the available literature, we estimate circumpolar thaw ponds <0.001 km 2 in size to emit between 0.2 and 1.0 Tg of CH 4 through ebullition. Our findings exemplify the importance of high‐frequency measurements over long study periods in order to adequately capture the variability of these water bodies. Through the expansion of current spatial and temporal monitoring efforts, we can increase our ability to estimate CH 4 emissions from permafrost pond ecosystems now and in the future.