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A Generalized Evaporation Model for Chinese Pans
Author(s) -
Wang Kaiwen,
Liu Xiaomang,
Li Yuqi,
Liu Changming,
Yang Xiaohua
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
journal of geophysical research: atmospheres
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2169-8996
pISSN - 2169-897X
DOI - 10.1029/2018jd028961
Subject(s) - evaporation , environmental science , radiative transfer , china , pan evaporation , meteorology , hydrology (agriculture) , geography , atmospheric sciences , geology , archaeology , physics , geotechnical engineering , quantum mechanics
Pan evaporation ( E pan ) measurements are used for gauging the atmospheric evaporative demand, and E pan observation networks were established and maintained for a long history. However, due to the replacement of D20 pans with 601B pans across China in 2000, E pan observation networks in China, which is the largest networks in East Asia, became discontinuous. Thus, it is important to develop a robust method to update and complement E pan of two Chinese pans. PenPan model is a robust model in E pan estimation, while the previous versions of PenPan are derived for a specific type of pan. This study developed a generalized model, that is, PenPan‐V3 model, to simulate E pan for Chinese pans. The PenPan‐V3 model simulated the irradiance of each part of pans; that is, pan water surface, pan rim, side wall and pan bottom, and the simulated E pan coincided with the observations of D20 and 601B pans. For D20 pans, aerodynamic component ( E pan, A ) and radiative component ( E pan, R ) of E pan were 60% and 40%, respectively. The contributions of pan water surface, inside and outside pan rim, side wall, and pan bottom to E pan, R were 23%, 38%, 26%, 6%, and 7%, respectively. For 601B pans, E pan, A and E pan, R were 42% and 58% of E pan , respectively. The contributions of pan water surface and inside and outside pan rim to E pan, R were 94%, 5% and 1%, respectively. The PenPan‐V3 model benefits establishing the long‐term continuous E pan networks in China, which can be used for evaluating the long‐term trends of atmospheric evaporative demand in East Asia.