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Development of a Double Hemispherical Probe for Improved Space Plasma Measurements
Author(s) -
Wang X.,
Samaniego J. I.,
Hsu H.W.,
Horányi M.,
Wahlund J.E.,
Ergun R. E.,
Bering E. A.
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
journal of geophysical research: space physics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2169-9402
pISSN - 2169-9380
DOI - 10.1029/2018ja025415
Subject(s) - langmuir probe , plasma , plasma diagnostics , plasma parameters , anisotropy , atomic physics , spacecraft , computational physics , physics , optics , quantum mechanics , astronomy
Langmuir probes have been widely used for space plasma measurements for decades. However, there are still challenges in the interpretation of their measurements. Due to the interaction of the ambient plasma with a spacecraft and an onboard probe itself, the local plasma conditions around the probe could be very different from the true ambient plasma of interest. These local plasma conditions are often anisotropic and/or inhomogeneous. Most of the Langmuir probes that are made of a single electrode have difficulties to remove these local plasma effects, introducing errors in the derived plasma characteristics. Directional probes are able to characterize anisotropic and inhomogeneous plasmas. The split Langmuir probe and the Segmented Langmuir Probe have been developed to characterize the plasma flow in the Earth's ionosphere. Here we introduce a new type of a directional Langmuir probe, the Double Hemispherical Probe (DHP), to improve the space plasma measurements in a broad range of scenarios: (a) low‐density plasmas, (b) high surface‐emission (photo and/or secondary electron emission) environments, (c) flowing plasmas, and (d) dust‐rich plasma environments. The DHP consists of two identical hemispheres that are electrically insulated and swept with the same voltages simultaneously. The difference currents between the two hemispheres are used to characterize the anisotropic/inhomogeneous plasma conditions created around the probe, which will be then removed or minimized on the interpretation of their current‐voltage curves. This paper describes the basic concept and design of the DHP sensor, as well as its initial results tested in the laboratory plasma environments.