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History‐Dependent Threshold for Motion Revealed by Continuous Bedload Transport Measurements in a Steep Mountain Stream
Author(s) -
Masteller Claire C.,
Finnegan Noah J.,
Turowski Jens M.,
Yager Elowyn M.,
Rickenmann Dieter
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
geophysical research letters
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.007
H-Index - 273
eISSN - 1944-8007
pISSN - 0094-8276
DOI - 10.1029/2018gl081325
Subject(s) - bed load , sediment transport , sediment , geology , magnitude (astronomy) , hydrology (agriculture) , hyperconcentrated flow , geomorphology , streams , geotechnical engineering , physics , computer network , astronomy , computer science
Abstract To explore the causes of history‐dependent sediment transport in rivers, we use a 19‐year record of coarse sediment transport from a steep channel in Switzerland. We observe a strong dependence of the threshold for sediment motion ( τ c ) on the magnitude of previous flows for prior shear stresses ranging from 104 to 340 Pa, resulting in seasonally increasing τ c for 10 of 19 years. This stabilization occurs with and without measureable bedload transport, suggesting that small‐scale riverbed rearrangement increases τ c . Following large transport events (>340 Pa), this history dependence is disrupted. Bedload tracers suggest that significant reorganization of the bed erases memory of previous flows. We suggest that the magnitude of past flows controls the organization of the bed, which then modifies τ c , paralleling the evolution of granular media under shear. Our results support the use of a state function to better predict variability in bedload sediment transport rates.