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3‐D Finite Difference Time Domain Simulation of Lightning Strikes to the 634‐m Tokyo Skytree
Author(s) -
Araki S.,
Nasu Y.,
Baba Y.,
Rakov V. A.,
Saito M.,
Miki T.
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
geophysical research letters
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.007
H-Index - 273
eISSN - 1944-8007
pISSN - 0094-8276
DOI - 10.1029/2018gl078214
Subject(s) - lightning (connector) , tower , channel (broadcasting) , geometry , time domain , physics , waveform , meteorology , range (aeronautics) , geology , transmission line , electric field , constant (computer programming) , geodesy , mathematics , telecommunications , computer science , voltage , engineering , power (physics) , structural engineering , aerospace engineering , quantum mechanics , computer vision , programming language
Waveforms of vertical electric field observed at distances of 27, 57, and 101 km from the 634‐m tall Tokyo Skytree (Japan) struck by lightning have been reproduced using the 3‐D finite difference time domain method. Optically observed 3‐D lightning channels and currents directly measured in the tower were used. Distribution of current along the lightning channel was represented using the transmission line model, assuming a constant propagation speed v = 0.5 c . Simulations with commonly assumed vertical channel did not allow us to reproduce the observed early (within 5 μs or so) field zero crossing when the 1‐D speed was set to be constant and equal to the 3‐D speed ( v = 0.5 c ) used for the actual‐channel‐geometry case. It was, however, possible to achieve a good match for a vertical channel when the vertical component of 3‐D speed was evaluated for each nonvertical channel segment and used in the corresponding range of heights.