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Modulation of Extratropical Cyclones by Previous Cyclones via the Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly Over the Sea of Japan in Winter
Author(s) -
Zhao Ning,
Iwasaki Shinsuke,
Yamamoto Masaru,
Isobe Atsuhiko
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
journal of geophysical research: atmospheres
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2169-8996
pISSN - 2169-897X
DOI - 10.1029/2017jd027503
Subject(s) - extratropical cyclone , cyclone (programming language) , climatology , anomaly (physics) , cyclogenesis , potential vorticity , geology , typhoon , sea surface temperature , atmospheric sciences , advection , environmental science , vorticity , meteorology , vortex , physics , condensed matter physics , field programmable gate array , computer science , computer hardware , thermodynamics
The effects of a cyclone‐induced sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly in the Sea of Japan on following cyclones were investigated using a regional numerical model. The model was conducted with and without an SST anomaly due to cooling from a single extratropical cyclone in winter. Twenty‐six pairs of sensitivity experiments demonstrated that cyclones were not always sensitive to the SST anomaly. The low‐level trough (strong northwesterly winds) affected cyclone sensitivity via a cold air intrusion over the Sea of Japan. A strong (weak) cold air intrusion formed a relatively unstable (stable) and higher (lower) convective layer and the concentration of cyclone paths over the oceans, making the cyclones sensitive to the underlying SST. Two specific cyclones were analyzed to demonstrate two distinct patterns (wave‐like and path shifting, respectively) in cyclone modulations revealed in the wavelet spectra. The wave‐like pattern was formed by the superposition of multiple anomalous waves with different periods and scales, which originated from upper‐level potential vorticity anomalies and temperature advection. The path‐shifting pattern was caused by the diabatic heating‐induced potential vorticity anomalies, which were supplied by the intense heat and moisture from the regions surrounding the Sea of Japan. Therefore, a cyclone can modulate a following cyclone by reducing the SST over the Sea of Japan; however, the modulation can vary in different ways, depending on the atmospheric background and dynamics of the cyclone development.