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Ionospheric and auroral clutter models for HF surface wave and over‐the‐horizon radar systems
Author(s) -
Ravan M.,
Riddolls R. J.,
Adve R. S.
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
radio science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.371
H-Index - 84
eISSN - 1944-799X
pISSN - 0048-6604
DOI - 10.1029/2011rs004944
Subject(s) - clutter , radar , radar horizon , over the horizon radar , remote sensing , skywave , geology , continuous wave radar , ionosphere , pulse doppler radar , bistatic radar , radar imaging , computer science , geophysics , telecommunications
The detection performance of high frequency surface wave radar (HFSWR) and high frequency over‐the‐horizon radar (OTHR) systems is heavily influenced by the presence of radar clutter. In HFSWR systems, the clutter has its origins in vertical‐incidence ionospheric reflections, whereas in OTHR systems, the origin is Bragg backscatter from plasma structures in the auroral zone. This paper models the spreading of the radar clutter signal in the Doppler and angle‐of‐arrival domains that arises from forward‐scattering effects as the radar pulse propagates through regions of ionospheric plasma irregularities. The models use a geometric optics approach to determine the power spectrum of the radar signal phase. This power spectrum is then used to simulate three‐dimensional space‐time‐range radar data cubes. The accuracy of the models is tested by comparing the simulated data to measured data cubes. As an application, the data are then used to evaluate the performance of the newly developed fast fully adaptive (FFA) space‐time adaptive processing (STAP) scheme to improve the extraction of target echoes from a clutter background.