Open AccessObservations of inorganic bromine (HOBr, BrO, and Br 2 ) speciation at Barrow, Alaska, in spring 2009
Author(s) -
Liao J.,
Huey L. G.,
Tanner D. J.,
Flocke F. M.,
Orlando J. J.,
Neuman J. A.,
Nowak J. B.,
Weinheimer A. J.,
Hall S. R.,
Smith J. N.,
Fried A.,
Staebler R. M.,
Wang Y.,
Koo J.H.,
Cantrell C. A.,
Weibring P.,
Walega J.,
Knapp D. J.,
Shepson P. B.,
Stephens C. R.
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
journal of geophysical research: atmospheres
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.67
H-Index - 298
eISSN - 2156-2202
pISSN - 0148-0227
DOI - 10.1029/2011jd016641
Subject(s) - bromine , ozone , ozone depletion , bromide , chemistry , mixing ratio , environmental chemistry , atmospheric sciences , geology , inorganic chemistry , organic chemistry
Inorganic bromine plays a critical role in ozone and mercury depletions events (ODEs and MDEs) in the Arctic marine boundary layer. Direct observations of bromine species other than bromine oxide (BrO) during ODEs are very limited. Here we report the first direct measurements of hypobromous acid (HOBr) as well as observations of BrO and molecular bromine (Br 2 ) by chemical ionization mass spectrometry at Barrow, Alaska in spring 2009 during the Ocean‐Atmospheric‐Sea Ice‐Snowpack (OASIS) campaign. Diurnal profiles of HOBr with maximum concentrations near local noon and no significant concentrations at night were observed. The measured average daytime HOBr mixing ratio was 10 pptv with a maximum value of 26 pptv. The observed HOBr was reasonably well correlated (R 2 = 0.57) with predictions from a simple steady state photochemical model constrained to observed BrO and HO 2 at wind speeds <6 m s −1 . However, predicted HOBr levels were considerably higher than observations at higher wind speeds. This may be due to enhanced heterogeneous loss of HOBr on blowing snow coincident with higher wind speeds. BrO levels were also found to be higher at elevated wind speeds. Br 2 was observed in significant mixing ratios (maximum = 46 pptv; average = 13 pptv) at night and was strongly anti‐correlated with ozone. The diurnal speciation of observed gas phase inorganic bromine species can be predicted by a time‐dependent box model that includes efficient heterogeneous recycling of HOBr, hydrogen bromide (HBr), and bromine nitrate (BrONO 2 ) back to more reactive forms of bromine.