Open AccessCarbon dioxide dynamics in Kelud volcanic lake
Author(s) -
Caudron C.,
Mazot A.,
Bernard A.
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
journal of geophysical research: solid earth
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.67
H-Index - 298
eISSN - 2156-2202
pISSN - 0148-0227
DOI - 10.1029/2011jb008806
Subject(s) - carbon dioxide , volcano , environmental science , earth science , geology , atmospheric sciences , volcanic gases , oceanography , climatology , geochemistry , chemistry , organic chemistry
In November 2007, the extrusion of a new lava dome evaporated Kelud volcanic lake in Java, Indonesia. Four months before a detailed echo sounding survey of the volcanic lake coupled to floating accumulation chamber measurements detected abnormally high carbon dioxide emissions. It constituted the earliest sign of the volcanic unrest; well before any other monitored parameter. CO 2 flux is quantified using an empirical equation based on the volume of bubbles backscattered in the water column. Its comparison with the fluxes retrieved from the floating chamber method better constrain carbon dioxide dynamics in the volcanic lake. It reveals that 70% of the carbon dioxide enters the lake in a dissolved form, while the remaining 30% is supplied to the lake on a gaseous state. Almost three‐quarter of the ascending bubbles dissolve in the water column leaving the majority of the 330 Tons day −1 of carbon dioxide diffusing at the air‐water interface.