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Assessment of representations of model uncertainty in monthly and seasonal forecast ensembles
Author(s) -
Weisheimer Antje,
Palmer T. N.,
DoblasReyes F. J.
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
geophysical research letters
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.007
H-Index - 273
eISSN - 1944-8007
pISSN - 0094-8276
DOI - 10.1029/2011gl048123
Subject(s) - probabilistic logic , climatology , precipitation , environmental science , forecast skill , ensemble forecasting , stochastic modelling , climate model , meteorology , sea surface temperature , climate change , econometrics , mathematics , statistics , geology , geography , oceanography
The probabilistic skill of ensemble forecasts for the first month and the first season of the forecasts is assessed, where model uncertainty is represented by the a) multi‐model, b) perturbed parameters, and c) stochastic parameterisation ensembles. The main foci of the assessment are the Brier Skill Score for near‐surface temperature and precipitation over land areas and the spread‐skill relationship of sea surface temperature in the tropical equatorial Pacific. On the monthly timescale, the ensemble forecast system with stochastic parameterisation provides overall the most skilful probabilistic forecasts. On the seasonal timescale the results depend on the variable under study: for near surface temperature the multi‐model ensemble is most skilful for most land regions and for global land areas. For precipitation, the ensemble with stochastic parameterisation most often produces the highest scores on global and regional scales. Our results indicate that stochastic parameterisations should now be developed for multi‐decadal climate predictions using earth‐system models.