Open AccessSediment transport and deposition on a river‐dominated tidal flat: An idealized model study
Author(s) -
Chen ShihNan,
Geyer W. Rockwell,
Sherwood Christopher R.,
Ralston David K.
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
journal of geophysical research: oceans
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.67
H-Index - 298
eISSN - 2156-2202
pISSN - 0148-0227
DOI - 10.1029/2010jc006248
Subject(s) - settling , intertidal zone , geology , sediment transport , sediment , stratification (seeds) , advection , deposition (geology) , hydrology (agriculture) , tidal range , geomorphology , oceanography , estuary , environmental science , geotechnical engineering , physics , seed dormancy , botany , germination , environmental engineering , dormancy , biology , thermodynamics
A 3‐D hydrodynamic model is used to investigate how different size classes of river‐derived sediment are transported, exported and trapped on an idealized, river‐dominated tidal flat. The model is composed of a river channel flanked by sloping tidal flats, a configuration motivated by the intertidal region of the Skagit River mouth in Washington State, United States. It is forced by mixed tides and a pulse of freshwater and sediment with various settling velocities. In this system, the river not only influences stratification but also contributes a significant cross‐shore transport. As a result, the bottom stress is strongly ebb‐dominated in the channel because of the seaward advance of strong river flow as the tidal flats drain during ebbs. Sediment deposition patterns and mass budgets are sensitive to settling velocity. The lateral sediment spreading scales with an advective distance (settling time multiplied by lateral flow speed), thereby confining the fast settling sediment classes in the channel. Residual sediment transport is landward on the flats, because of settling lag, but is strongly seaward in the channel. The seaward transport mainly occurs during big ebbs and is controlled by a length scale ratio L d / X WL , where L d is a cross‐shore advective distance (settling time multiplied by river outlet velocity), and X WL is the immersed cross‐shore length of the intertidal zone. Sediment trapping requires L d / X WL < 1, leading to more trapping for the faster settling classes. Sensitivity studies show that including stratification and reducing tidal range both favor sediment trapping, whereas varying channel geometries and asymmetry of tides has relatively small impacts. Implications of the modeling results on the south Skagit intertidal region are discussed.