Open AccessNumerical investigations of apatite 4 He/ 3 He thermochronometry
Author(s) -
Farley K. A.,
Shuster D. L.,
Watson E. B.,
Wanser K. H.,
Balco G.
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
geochemistry, geophysics, geosystems
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.928
H-Index - 136
ISSN - 1525-2027
DOI - 10.1029/2010gc003243
Subject(s) - anisotropy , spectral line , geology , isotropy , nuclide , apatite , mineralogy , diffusion , physics , thermodynamics , nuclear physics , optics , astronomy
Apatite 4 He/ 3 He thermochronometry has the potential to constrain cooling histories for individual samples provided that several presently untested assumptions are valid. Here we simulate the sensitivity of 4 He/ 3 He spectra to assumptions regarding geometric model, crystallographic anisotropy, broken grain terminations, parent nuclide zonation, and the accuracy of results obtained from analyses of aggregates of multiple crystals. We find that 4 He/ 3 He spectra obtained from a cylinder with isotropic diffusion are almost indistinguishable from those obtained from an equivalent sphere with an equivalent initial 4 He distribution. Under similar conditions anisotropic diffusion from the cylinder can greatly bias 4 He/ 3 He spectra, but only if diffusion is >10 times faster in the axial than the radial direction. Existing data argue against anisotropy of this magnitude. We find that analysis of apatites with broken terminations will also bias 4 He/ 3 He spectra, but not greatly so. In contrast, we find that zonation of a factor of 3 in parent nuclide concentration produces 4 He/ 3 He spectra that deviate substantially from the homogeneous model. When parent nuclides are highly concentrated near the grain rim and/or cooling is fast, the resulting 4 He/ 3 He spectra will be readily identified as aberrant. However, more subtle zonation, higher concentrations in the grain interior, or samples that have cooled slowly regardless of zonation style can yield 4 He/ 3 He spectra that look acceptable but will lead to inaccurate thermochronometric interpretation if parent homogeneity is assumed. Finally, we find that analysis of an aggregate of crystals with identical 4 He distributions can yield 4 He/ 3 He spectra (and diffusion Arrhenius arrays) that are very different from those that would be obtained on the individual crystals if even small variations in He diffusion exist among the grains. Overall, our observations suggest that modeling tools that assume spherical geometry and isotropic diffusion are appropriate for interpreting apatite 4 He/ 3 He spectra. However, it is essential to analyze only individual crystals and to assess the degree of parent nuclide zonation in those crystals.