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Rill erosion in natural and disturbed forests: 1. Measurements
Author(s) -
Robichaud P. R.,
Wagenbrenner J. W.,
Brown R. E.
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
water resources research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.863
H-Index - 217
eISSN - 1944-7973
pISSN - 0043-1397
DOI - 10.1029/2009wr008314
Subject(s) - surface runoff , rill , erosion , hydrology (agriculture) , sediment , environmental science , flux (metallurgy) , inflow , geology , geomorphology , geotechnical engineering , ecology , oceanography , materials science , metallurgy , biology
Rill erosion can be a large portion of the total erosion in disturbed forests, but measurements of the runoff and erosion at the rill scale are uncommon. Simulated rill erosion experiments were conducted in two forested areas in the northwestern United States on slopes ranging from 18 to 79%. We compared runoff rates, runoff velocities, and sediment flux rates from natural (undisturbed) forests and in forests either burned at low soil burn severity (10 months or 2 weeks post‐fire), high soil burn severity, or subject to skidding of felled logs. The runoff rates and velocities in the natural sites (2.7 L min −1 and 0.016 m s −1 , respectively) were lower than those in all the disturbed sites (12 to 21 L min −1 and 0.19 to 0.31 m s −1 , respectively), except for the 10‐month old low soil burn severity site where the velocity (0.073 m s −1 ) was indistinguishable from the natural sites. The mean sediment flux rate in the natural sites also was very small (1.3 × 10 −5 kg s −1 ) as compared to the rates in the disturbed areas (2.5 × 10 −4 to 0.011 kg s −1 ). The hillslope gradient did not affect the runoff or sediment responses. The sediment flux rates generally were greater in the initial stage of each inflow period than in the steady state condition, but there was no corresponding transient effect in runoff rates. Rill erosion modeling implications based on these data are presented in part 2 of this study.